A Pirate Turns 40
Creating Movement within a Shipwrecked System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5195/jcycw.2023.15Keywords:
lived experiences, community, restorative justice, restorative practice, change, adolescents, Cannabis, zero tolerance, schools, high schools, marijuana, stakeholders, movement, descriptive analysis, community development, community change, implementation science, marginalized populations, oppressed populations, LGBT, connection circles, change processAbstract
This manuscript describes the lived experiences of a group of researchers as they navigated the community development and movement toward the implementation of restorative justice as an alternative to zero tolerance policies for high school youth Cannabis offenders. The manuscript explains and describes events, conflicts and results of navigating the process of how a community developed movement toward restorative justice and restorative practices using implementation science. Eight steps toward community implementation, including stake holders meeting, restorative justice trainings, conferences and connection circles in local schools, are described using a creative pirate theme which illustrates the treasures uncovered over the 2 year-long work toward change. Deliberate reflection is given to marginalized and oppressed populations. The article offers insightful analysis and critique of the change process including the treasures and limitations of community change. An emphasis is placed on describing the analysis of the issues from multiple perspectives so that movement can seamlessly evolve into momentum.
References
Achilles, G. M., McLaughlin, M. J. & Croninger, R. G. (2007). Sociocultural correlates of disciplinary exclusion among students with emotional, behavioral, and learning disabilities in the SEELS national dataset. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 15(1), 33-45.
Arcia, E. (2006). Achievement and enrollment status of suspended students: Outcomes in a large, multicultural school district. Education and Urban Society 38(3), 359-369. ERIC, EBSCOhost.
Banys, P. (2016). Mitigation of marijuana-related legal harms to youth in California. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 48(1), 11-20. Retrieved from http://www.csam-asam.org/sites/default/files/pdf/misc/banys_2016_mitigation_of_marijuana_related_legal_harms_to_youth_in_california_jpsychoactive_drugs.pdf
Brooks-Russell, A., Ma, M., Levinson, A., Kattari, L., Kirchner, T., Anderson Goodell, E. & Johnson, R. (2018). Adolescent marijuana use, marijuana-related perceptions, and use of other substances before and after initiation of retail marijuana sales in Colorado (2013–2015). Prevention Science, 20(2), 185-193.
Buffet, J. (1975). A pirate looks at forty. Songs you know by heart [CD]. Santa Monica, CA: Geffen Records.
Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2017). 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD.
Christle, C. A., Jolivette, K. & Nelson, C. M. (2005). Breaking the school to prison pipeline: Identifying school risk and protective factors for youth delinquency.Exceptionality: A Special Education Journal, 13(2), 69-88.
Colorado Department of Education. (2012). 2012 amendments regarding school discipline (elimination of zero tolerance), HB12-1345, School Finance Act. Retrieved from https://www.cde.state.co.us/dropoutprevention/earss_hb12-1345amendmentsreschooldiscipline_margincallouts_jan2013
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. (2018). Healthy kids Colorado survey and smart source information. Retrieved from https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/cdphe/hkcs
Colorado General Assembly. (2011). House Bill 11-1032. Retrieved from http://www.leg.state.co.us/CLICS/CLICS2011A/csl.nsf/fsbillcont3/D9ABC2E028CA4D3487257808008012EA?Open&file=1032_enr.pdf
Colorado General Assembly. (2012). House Bill 12-1345. Retrieved from http://www.leg.state.co.us/CLICS/CLICS2012A/csl.nsf/fsbillcont3/CD3C8673214EEF8C872579CD00625FE2?Open&file=1345_enr.pdf
Dickerson, S. L. (2014). (In)tolerable zero tolerance policy. eJEP: eJournal of Education Policy ERIC, EBSCOhost. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1158091
Evans, K. & Vaandering, D. (2016). The little book of restorative justice in education: Fostering responsibility, healing and hope in schools. Intercourse, PA: Good Books.
Harpin, S., Brooks-Russell A., Ma, M., James, K. A. & Levinsom, A. H. (2017). Adolescent marijuana use and perceived ease of access before and after recreational marijuana implementation in Colorado. Substance Use and Misuse, 53(3), 451-456. doi:10.1080/10826084.2017.1334069
Hasin, D. S., Wall, M., Keyes, K., Cerda, M., Schulenberg, J., O’Malley, P., Galea, S., Pacula, R., Feng, T. (2015). Medical marijuana laws and adolescent marijuana use in the USA from 1991 to 2014: Results from annual, repeated cross-sectional surveys. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(7), 601-60
Healthy Kids Colorado Survey. (2017). 2017 executive summary. Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FlpA-UNBbkT4_1L2StvFNUigVs7exvJf/view
Heitzig, N. (2014). Criminalizing education: Zero tolerance policies, police in the hallways, and the school to prison pipeline. Retrieved from https://www.hamline.edu/uploadedFiles/Hamline_WWW/HSE/Documents/criminalizing-education-zero-tolerance-police.pdf
Hoffman, S. (2014). Zero benefit: Estimating the effect of zero tolerance discipline policies on racial disparities in school discipline. Educational Policy, 28(1), 69-95. ERIC, EBSCOhost. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904812453999
Johnson, J., Hodgkin, D. & Harris S. K. (2017). The design of medical marijuana laws and adolescent use and heavy use of marijuana: Analysis of 45 states from 1991 to 2011. Drug Alcohol Depend, 1(170), 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.028
Karp, D. (2013). The little book of restorative justice for colleges and universities: Repairing harm and rebuilding trust in response to student misconduct. Intercourse, PA: Good Books.
Lee, P. (2017). Overview of restorative justice in Colorado law. Retrieved from http://www.nacrj.org/images/pdf/1_Restorative_Justice_Law_Summary__REV_Update_2017.pdf
Lee, P. (21 January 2016). Overview of restorative justice in Colorado law. Retrieved from https://www.rjcolorado.org/_literature_153544/Colorado_RJ_Law_Summary
Lee, T., Cornell, D., Gregory, A. & Fan, X. (2011). High suspension schools and dropout rates for black and white students. Education and Treatment of Children, 34(2), 167-192. ERIC, EBSCOhost. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/etc.2011.0014
Males, M. and Buchen, L. (2014). Reforming marijuana laws: Which approach best reduces the harms of criminalization? Center on Juvenile & Criminal Justice. Retrieved from http://www.cjcj.org/uploads/cjcj/documents/cjcj_marijuana_reform_comparison.pdf
Marshal, M. P., Dietz, L. J., Friedman, M. S., Stall, R., Smith, H. A., McGinley, J., Thoma, B. C., Murray, P. J., D’Augelli, A. R. & Brent, D. A. (2011). Suicidality and depression disparities between sexual minority and heterosexual youth: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Adolescent Health, 49(2), 115-123. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21783042
Moore, C. (2016). Palisade residents discuss approved pot measures. Grand Junction, CO: KJCT 8 News. Retrieved from www.kjct8.com/content/news/400629121.html
Peters, T. & Foust, C. (2019). High school student cannabis use and perceptions towards cannabis in south central Colorado – comparing communities that permit recreational dispensaries and communities that do not. Journal of Cannabis Research, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42238-019-0002-0
Pueblo County High School. (2018). Pueblo County High School student handbook, 2018-2019. Retrieved from http://pch.district70.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/PCHS-Student-Handbook-2018-2019.docx
Restorative Solutions. (2018). Active implementation & evaluation of restorative practices for school communities training manual. (3rd Ed). Denver, CO: Restorative Solutions.
Rocky Mountain High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area. (2017). The legalization of marijuana in Colorado. Retrieved from http://www.rmhidta.org/html/FINAL%202017%20Legalization%20of%20Marijuana%20in%20Colorado%20The%20Impact.pdf
Rosa, J., Keelan, K. & Krueger, J. (2015). Alternatives to zero tolerance: Best practice summary. Colorado Department of Education, Office of Dropout Prevention and Student Re-engagement. Retrieved from http://www.cde.state.co.us/dropoutprevention/bestpracticesalternativestozerotolerance
Russell, S. T. & Fish, J. N. (2016). Mental health in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. 12, 465–487. doi:10.1145/annurev-clinpsy-o21815-093153.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2017). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 17-5044, NSDUH Series H-52). Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/
Skiba, R. (2010). Zero tolerance and alternative discipline strategies. Communique, 39(1), 1-3.
Skiba, R., Shure, L. A., Middelberg, L. V. & Baker, T. L. (2011). Reforming school discipline and reducing disproportionality in suspension and expulsion. In S.R. Jimerson, A. B. Nickerson, M. J. Mayer & M. J. Furlong (Eds.), The handbook of school violence and school safety: International research and practice. (2nd Ed.). 515-528. New York: Routledge.
Title, B. (2011). Teaching peace: A restorative justice framework for strengthening relationships. Allen, TX: Del Hayes Press.
U.S. Department of Education. (2016). White House report: The continuing need to rethink discipline. Washington, DC: Executive Office of the President. Retrieved from https://www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/white-house-report-continuing-need-rethink-discipline
Van Manen, M. (1997). Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. (2nd Ed). London: Althouse Press.
Wall, M., Mauro, C., Hasin, D., Keyes, K., Cerda, M., Martins, S., & Feng, T. (2016). Prevalence of marijuana use does not differentially increase among youth after states pass medical marijuana laws: Commentary on Stolzenberg et al. (2015) and reanalysis of US national survey on drug use in households data 2002–2011. The International Journal on Drug Policy, 29, 9–13. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.01.015
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Jenny Piazza, Dr. Pamela A Richmond, Dr. Margie Massey, Dr. Tim Peters, Dr. Ron Wiley, Dr. Lynn Knight

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.
- Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.
- The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:
- Attribution—other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;
- The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a prepublication manuscript (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.
- Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.
- The Author represents and warrants that:
- the Work is the Author’s original work;
- the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;
- the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;
- the Work has not previously been published;
- the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and
- the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.
- The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.
- The Author agrees to digitally sign the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work.
