Perceptions of Mentors and Mentees in School-based Cross-Age Peer Mentoring in a Low-income Rural Community
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5195/jcycw.2020.12Keywords:
Cross-age peer mentoring, adolescent development, social and emotional support, future orientation, youth leadership, rural schools, rural communitiesAbstract
Cross-age peer mentoring programs are not always effective, and some researchers have questioned the effectiveness of this model. In this article, we use evaluation data to describe a project that has been going for twenty years. The project enrolls high school students as mentors to struggling elementary school students. The article reviews the current literature and details the perceptions of mentors and mentees regarding relational and academic benefits and disappointments. Both mentors and mentees report that the project gave them purpose, motivation, and a sense of belonging in the school and community. They also describe frustrations and regrets. Some findings echo previous studies; however, by presenting a twenty-year retrospective, and including mentor and mentee voices, the article provides a unique contribution to the field. The article provides an appendix with resources and recommendations for effective practices to those seeking to implement such a program.
References
Christopher St. Vil, A. A. (August 2018). A study of a cross-age peer mentoring program on educationally disconnected young adults. Social Work, swy33. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swy033
DuBois, D. L. & Karcher, M. J. (2005). Youth mentoring: Theory, research, and practice. In D. L. DuBois & M. J. Karcher (Eds.), Handbook of youth mentoring (pp. 2-11). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
DuBois, D. L., Portillo, N., Rhodes, J. E., Silverthorn, N., & Valentine, J. C. (2011). How
effective are mentoring programs for youth? A systemic assessment of the evidence. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 12, 57-91. doi:10.1177/1529100611414806.
Grossman, J. B. & Rhodes, J. E. (2002). The test of time: Predictors and effects of duration in youth mentoring programs. American Journal of Community Psychology, 30, 199-206. doi:10.1023/A:1014680827552.
Hare, B. R. (1975). The relationship of social background to the dimensions of self-concept. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago.
Herrera, C., Sipe, C. L., & McClanahan, W. S. (April 2000). Mentoring school-age children: Relationship development in community-based and school-based programs. Philadelphia, PA: Public/Private Ventures Issue Lab. Retrieved from http://ppv.issuelab.org/resource/mentoring-school-age-children-relationship- development-in-community-based-and-school-based-programs.html
Herrera, C., Kauh, T. J., Cooney, S. M., Grossman, J. B., & McMaken, J. (2008). High school students as mentors: Findings from the Big Brothers Big Sisters school-based mentoring impact study. Philadelphia, PA: Public/Private Ventures.
Jekielek, S. M., Moore, K. A., Hair, E. C., & Scarupa, H. J. (February 2002). Mentoring: A promising strategy for youth development. Child Trends Research Brief. Washington, DC. Retrieved from https://www.childtrends.org/publications/mentoring-a-promising-strategy-for-youth-development
Johnson, V. L., Simon, P. P., & Mun, E-Y. (2014). A peer-led high school transition program increases graduation rates among Latino males. The Journal of Educational Research, 107, 186–196. doi:10.1080/00220671.2013.788991.
Jucovy, L. & Herrera, C. (October 2009). High school mentors in brief: Findings from the Big Brothers Big Sisters school-based mentoring impact study. Philadelphia, PA: Public/Private Ventures.
Kanchewa, S. S., Rhodes, J., Schwartz, S. E. O. & Olsho, L. E. W. (January 2014). An investigation of same- versus cross-gender matching for boys in formal school-based mentoring programs. Applied Developmental Science, 18(1), 31-45.
doi:10.1080/10888691.2014.876251.
Karcher, M. J. (2005). The effects of developmental mentoring and high school mentors’ attendance on their younger mentees’ self-esteem, social skills, and connectedness. Psychology in the Schools, 42(1), 65-77. doi:10.1002/pits.20025.
Karcher, M. J. (2009). Increases in academic connectedness and self-esteem among high school students who serve as cross-age peer mentors. Professional School Counseling, 12(4), 292-299.
Karcher, M. J., Brown, B., Elliott, D. W. (2004). Enlisting peers in developmental interventions. In S. F. Hamilton & M. AS. Hamilton. The youth development handbook: Coming of age in American communities. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452232560.n9.
Karcher, M. J. & Berger, J. R. M. (September 2017). One-to-one cross-age peer mentoring: National mentoring resource center model review. Retrieved 8.22.18 from National Mentoring Resource Center: https://nationalmentoringresourcecenter.org/index.php/what- works-in-mentoring/model-and-population-reviews.html?layout=edit&id=301.
Kraus, S. E. C. & Cleveland, R. E. (2016). The effects of a cross-age peer mentoring program on school connectedness with rural populations. Georgia School Counselors Association Journal, 23, 26-37.
National Mentoring Partnership. Mentoring Impact. Retrieved from: https://www.mentoring.org/why-mentoring/mentoring-impact/
Nakkula, M. J. & and Harris, J. T. (2005). Assessing mentoring relationships. In D. L. DuBois & M. J. Karcher (Eds.), Handbook of youth mentoring (pp. 45-62). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Nakkula, M. J. & Ravitch, S. M. (1998). Matters of interpretation: Reciprocal transformation in therapeutic and developmental relationships with youth. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass Publishers.
Petosa, R. L. & Smith, L. H. (2014). Peer mentoring for health behavior change: A systemic review. American Journal of Health Education, 45, 351-357.
Sanchez, B., Colon, Y. Feuer, R. Roundfield, K. E., & Berardi, L. (2005). Race, ethnicity, and culture in mentoring relationships. In D. L. DuBois & M. J. Karcher (Eds.), Handbook of youth mentoring (pp. 191-204). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Schwartz, S. E. O., Lowe, S. R., & Rhodes, J. E. (April 2012). Mentoring relationships and adolescent self-esteem. The Prevention Researcher, 19(2), 17-20.
Tierney, J. P. & Grossman, J. B. (November 1995). Making a difference: An impact study of Big Brothers/Big Sisters. Philadelphia, PA: Public/Private Ventures.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.
- Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.
- The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:
- Attribution—other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;
- The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a prepublication manuscript (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.
- Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.
- The Author represents and warrants that:
- the Work is the Author’s original work;
- the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;
- the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;
- the Work has not previously been published;
- the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and
- the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.
- The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.
- The Author agrees to digitally sign the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work.